Urdu Manuscripts

Arabic Manuscripts

Oral candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections that occur worldwide most commonly in the infants and the itmnunocompromised individuals. It is caused by candida species most conunonly candida albicans. Recently, Candida infections have increased significantly due to the emergence of the fatal infections (Rex et aI., 2000). It is characterized by the development of white patches in the oral cavity and on the surface of tongue. Different drugs are beit1g used to treat th...

The purpose of this study was to sustain the release of capecitabine (CAP) and to improve its overall pham1acokinetic profile by incorporating it inside of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using micro-emulsion method to fabricate capecitabine loaded NLCs (CAP-NLCs). CAP belongs to BCS-I drug class readily absorbed from GIT, having a very short half-life of30 to 60 min. CAP-NLCs were optimized using Design Expert®. The optimized CAP-NLCs constitute of7.5 mg CAP, 80 mg Precirol® A...

Pregnant women are at a high risk of severe illness from eOVID-19. Yet, the scarcity of data on safety of eOVID-19 vaccines is a barrier to vaccine uptake in pregnant women. We studied the safety of eOVID-19 vaccination by analyzing data from patients who delivered during December 2021-March 2022 at a single tertiary care hospital, through a retrospective cohort study design. Short-term adverse events of eOVID-19 vaccination and the major reasons for refusing eOVID-19 vaccines were ...

Imidazole and its derivatives, especially nitroimidazoles can be derivatized to improve the pharmacokinetic parameters and solubility issues of the poorly soluble pharmacological entities. The present study aimed at two-pot synthesis of ester of metronidazole with cinnamic acid through esterification reaction. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and melting point determination techniques were used to determine the purity of synthesized ester. For the structural elucidation, spectral t...

L-ornithine (ORN) is a naturally occurring amino acid involved in the urea cycle. It is the substrate of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) enzyme. ODC converts ORN to putrescene and C02. Studies have shown that ODC is overexpressed in several types of cancer. So, ORN can be used as a ligand for ODC-targeted delivery to cancer tissues. Poloxamer P407 (PLX) has been proved as a safe polymer with dual properties of micellization and thermos-gelling, which can effectively be used for ca...

To date, the emergence of resistance against antibiotics in bacteria has presented challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS A) infected wounds are one of the common bacterial infections. Ciprofloxacin was previously used for skin and skin structure infections but emergence of its resistance against MRSA has led to its decreased use for skin infections. The resistance is particularly due to efflux of ciprofloxacin by NorA pu...

Epilepsy is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease of which the most prominent feature is the recurrence of seizures. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the induction of epilepsy. Daidzin is well-known for its effective ant-inflammatory and anti oxidant potential from centuries. Therefore, current Shldy focused on exploring the anti epileptic potential of daidzin in PTZ induced mice model by mainly targeting on oxidative stress. Daidzin (I , 5 and 10 mg/kg) was admin...

Benzimidazole and its derivatives especially Carbendazime (methyl 2 benzimidazole carbamate or MBC) represent an important pharmacophore having a wide variety of biological activities. This study aimed to explore the derivatives of a heterocyclic pharmacophore called Carbendazime. The present study includes the synthesis of N mannich base derivatives of Carbendazime through a classical mannich reaction. Mannich reaction is a three components condensation reaction involving the conde...

Plants ha .... e always pro .... ed lh·?ir rolc as potential repo it orjc~ or noV'e llead molecules thM led to progression of ne\\ drug discovery ru,d uevclopment The present e.'\pl lll"11IiOil \VOl5 directed to ull ve il lhC' phytochemical .1nc! phannacological spectrum of vurio1l5 pariS i.e., leaf. stem. stem bark and rool (if MfI}'illga o/eijera Lam. b) employing a series of as!inys. Successive extT<1I.:tiuu l11ethod assisted with ulLrasonication was emplo)cd u:,ing a gradient ch...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being employed since decades to treat inflammation, pain as well as fever. Because of continuing research in this field, numerous NSAIDs have become readily available for treatment of diverse fonns of inflammation-linked diseases. However, there is still need to develop more efficient and safe drugs. In order to develop new and safer therapeutic molecules, heterocyclic compounds including 1,3,4-oxadiazole have become an important co...

The human population is increasing exponentially around the world. It is currently recorded 8 billion in 2023, which is expected to rise upto 10 billion by 2050 (Profiroiu et al., 2020). Such increase in population comes up with increasing industrialization and urbanization to meet global food demand. Industrialization is also considered as one of the biggest sources of contaminating agricultural eco logy specifically with heavy metals. These heavy metals after exposure, accumulate ...

The distinctive properties of nanoparticles, such as their vast surface area, reactivity, agglomeration, ability to penetrate, size, and structure, have allowed for a variety of applications in the agricultural sector over time. The growth, protection, and development of plants have all been shown to be greatly aided by nanoparticles. Nanoparticles enable more precise pesticide application, better nutrient supply, pathogenicity management, higher photosynthetic ability, and quicker ...

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress. Soil with high salt content can negatively impact plant growth and agricultural producti vity by hindering the ability of plants to acquire nutrients. Under elevated salinity stress, agricultural production is greatl y reduced due to impaired plant nutrition, hormonal imbalance, production of reactive oxygen species, osmotic stress, and ion toxicity. The halo-tolerant varieties and conventional agricultural practices might not be sufficie...