Numerical Study of Two-Dimensional Flows of Nanofluids

Abstract

Heat management crises in various industrial applications demanded alternative technology. Choi and Eastman[1] introduced the idea of nanofluids in 1995 for the very first time. These novel fluids types were synthesized in laboratories by endowing solid particles of nano-sized in the base-fluid. The resulting formation was now a fluid with upgraded effective physical and thermal characteristics such as thermal conductivity or heat capacitance. Very soon after the emergence of these newly invented types of fluids, they capture the attention of researchers, engineers, and scientists to utilize this idea in real-world applications, such as the cooling system of vehicles, heat exchangers, manufacturing tools, paints, electronics devices and in medical engineering tools. In all these widespread applications, nanofluids have proved themselves capable to handle the significantly critical problems by enhancing the effective heat transfer ability of fluid material at a lower cost. Due to its adjustable physical and thermal properties such as effective density, heat capacitance or thermal conductivity nanotechnology is expected to cater as an effective and efficient medium of heat transfer. Following Choi many researchers have been contributed in the field of nanofluid, mention may be made to some very recent and important works. Ghadikolaei et al.[2] shows the effects of magnetism and porosity on micropolar dusty fluids with metallic nanoparticles. Nadeem et al.[3] presented a study that reveals the impact of magnetism and slips on the dynamics of a micropolar hybrid nanofluid over a cylindrical body. Alamri et al.[4] studied convective Poiseuille flow of a nanofluid on a plane porous medium. A heat convection case on a wavy surface was considered by Hassan et al.[5]. Malvandi et al.[6] presented a study that shows the effects of nano-particles transportation at film boiling of nanofluid over a vertical plate. Nadeem et al.[7] presented a theoretical investigation of nanofluid implications as a drug carrier in stenosed arteries with the MHD field. Sheikholeslami et al.[8] disclosed the influence of magnetism on nanofluid flow under forced convection in a lid-driven cavity. Nanofluid flow under natural convection in the presence of thermal radiations is also presented by Sheikholeslami et al.[9]. Shiekhalipour et al.[10] numerically analyzed the flow of a nanofluid in a trapezoidal microchannel. They investigated the results obtained with different models and compared them with the available experimental results. It is concluded in the study that the Eulerian model predicted outcomes are more comparable to the experimental observations. Nadeem et al.[11] solved the problem of Falkner-Skan for static as well as moving wedge numerically. Chakraborty et al.[12] discussed the effects of an applied magnetic field for bioconvection in nanofluid 8 possessing gyrotactic microorganisms. Most of the commonly used models are lack of predicting the distortions of nano-particles size on the effective nanofluid’s viscosity. They concluded that rising numeric for the parameter of surface convection enhances the number of self-moving micro- organisms. Koca et al.[13] reviewed the change in nanofluid’s viscosity by varying the size of the nano-particle and compared them with proposed models for effective viscosity of nanofluids. They found that the variation of almost 40% in the viscosity can be seen only by changing the particle size of nanofluids. Diglio et al.[14] suggested a geophysical application of the nanofluid as a heat carrier in Borehole heat exchangers. They conducted a numerical study to assess the use of different nanofluids instead of conventionally used fluids like glycol and water mixtures. The work aimed to find the best medium that can reduce borehole thermal resistance efficiently. They investigated the case with different types of solid particles including silver, copper, alumina, etc.