Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15342
Title: Distribution, Correlation and Multivariate Apportionment of Selected Metals in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Comparison with Healthy Subjects
Authors: Shan e Batool
Keywords: Chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Issue Date: 2019
Publisher: Quaid i Azam University
Abstract: Cancer prevalence and mortality rates have been increasing rapidly worldwide. It has been reported that exposure to trace metals plays important role in the development of cancer. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the concentrations of selected essential and toxic metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb) in the blood and tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in comparison with their counterpart healthy subjects. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for the quantification of selected metals by employing the nitric acid/perchloric acid based wet digestion method. Average levels of Fe (266.5 μg/g), Zn (5.613 μg/g), Co (1.636 μg/g), Pb (1.289 μg/g), Cr (0.782 μg/g), Mn (0.151 μg/g), and Cd (0.118 μg/g) were found to be higher in the blood of patients than healthy subjects, while, Pb (2.886 μg/g), and Cr (2.220 μg/g) were observed at higher levels in cancerous tissues compared to non-cancerous tissues. In correlation study, strong relationships (r > 0.50) in the blood of hepatocellular carcinoma patients were found for Cd-Cr, Cd-Fe and Co-Fe whereas, Co-Fe, Cr-Co and Cd-Co exhibited strong correlations in the blood of healthy subjects. However, significantly positive correlations were noted between Cd-Co, Pd-Cr and Cr-Fe in the cancerous tissues whereas, Pb-Mn, Cr-Cu and Mn-Co showed strong correlations in the non-cancerous tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Significant variations in the trace metal levels were observed with the gender, habitat, smoking habits, food habits of both donor groups. Considerable variances in the metal levels were observed with the stages of hepatocellular carcinoma and age groups of the subjects. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) of metal data revealed divergent apportionment of the metals in the blood of both donor groups, cancerous and non-cancerous tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15342
Appears in Collections:M.Phil

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