Risk factors for autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

Present study aimed at identifying the risk factors related Autism Spectrum Disorder. The risk factors included are medical, developmental, prenatal and family related risk factors. Employing the technique of non-probability purposive sampling data was collected from (N = 60) mother of children with autism Spectrum Disorder from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Risk factors checklist was used to assess Risk factors for Autism, Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition (GARS-2). was used to screen children with autism Spectrum Disorder. Risk factors checklist was developed through literature review and interview from experts. The risk factors included are medical, developmental, prenatal and family related risk factors. Results indicate medical risk factors included that 38.3 % of the mothers reported that their children were suffered from jaundice, influenza, lack of oxygen (at the time of birth). Developmental risk factors included that 56.7 % of the children were delayed in following activities (Crawl, sit, stand, speech, walk, feed self and dress self). Prenatal risk factors included that 91.7 % experienced stress during pregnancy. As reported by mothers 85 % of the mothers and fathers are cousin to each other. It was found that mothers who have children with autism experienced adverse situations during their pregnancy i.e. 46.7 % experienced fever during pregnancy, 86.7 % suffered from viral illness (cold, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella and seizures), 86.7 % repOlied that they had diabetes and 93 .3 % experienced high blood pressure during pregnancy. Moreover, most of the mothers (78 .3%) were exposure to pesticides during pregnancy. In Family related risk factors 18 % mothers reported that they had history of emotional problems and Schizophrenia in their family. This research will help to create awareness among people that there are certain medical, developmental, prenatal and family related risk factors that cause Autism Spectrum Disorder. By avoiding few enviromnental hazards, we can prevent Autism Spectrum Disorder.