Cardioprotective Potential of Raphanus sativus Seeds Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Injuries in Rat

Abstract

Carbon tetrachloride is a perilous compound, well-known to cause injuries almost in all body tissues. After being activated by CYP-450 enzyme system, CCl 4 produces an oxidatively stressful condition in the cell by producing reactive trichloromethane radical. This radical is proficient in causing lipid per oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membrane and causes enzymatic deactivation hence destroying both, cellular structure and function. This study aims to verify the counter effect of Raphanus sativus seed extract against CCl 4 -induced cardiotoxicity along with the in vitro antibacterial activity of different fractions of Raphanus sativus against five bacterial strains. The experimental design comprises of thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into five groups with six rats in each group. All groups were given separate doses on alternative days. Group 1 was given corn oil orally. Group 2 received CCl 4 (10%) intraperitoneally. Group 3 was given CCl 4 (10%) intraperitoneally + RSME (100mg/kg bw) orally. Group four was given CCl 4 (10%) + RSME (200mg/kg bw) orally. The last Group 5 was given only RSME (200mg/kg bw). After a starvation period of 24 hrs, the rats were sacrificed. The blood was collected from heart by cardiac puncture. Serum from blood and the supernatant from heart tissue homogenate were subjected to biochemical analyses. The study deciphered the antioxidant potential of Raphanus sativus seed extract; clear from the close-to-normal values of serum markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tissue markers; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH- Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) when coadministered with CCl 4 . The effect of 200mg/kg extract is more pronounced than the 100mg/kg extract. Histologial examinations of the heart tissues second this ameliorative effect. The five different fractions of the Raphanus sativus extract were tested for their in vitro bactericidal activity using agar well disc diffusion method; against five bacterial strains including one Gram positive Micrococcus luteus, and four Gram negative Escherichia coli, Bordetella bronchioseptica, Pseudomonas piketti and Enterobacter aerogens. The ethyl acetate (RSEE) and butanolic (RSBE) extracts showed commendable activities. Methanolic (RSME) and aqueous (RSAE) extracts had an intermediate while n-hexane (RSHE) extract had a low antibacterial activity. All fractions were inactive against E. coli. Hence all the results prove that Raphanus sativus has a tremendous potential to be considered for compound extraction for anticancerous pharmaceutical products.