Indigenous Strategies of the Fishing Community to Combat Climate Change

Abstract

Climate change is happening around us not only in Pakistan but also in the world. Nowadays it has become the major issue of the global world. The situation of Asian countries has the worst because of carbon emissions. The climate change adverse effects and impacts observed in Pakistan and globally such as extreme climatic events, floods, droughts, wildfire, cyclones, heatwaves. The climate change is affecting and will have been effected the human being and its livelihood no other issue might be an effect. How is it devastating for a human being? What causes are climate change? The answer is simple that climate change is happening due to anthropogenic activities or global warming. Before the industrial revolution, climate change was not an issue. The reason is simple and obvious that in that time appropriately no use of fossil fuel (petroleum and gas) or in other words, the there was no emission of carbon dioxide. Nature makes the balance of CO2 and other gases emissions and consumption. The emissions of gases especially CO2 consumed through vegetative cover forests and plants through photosynthesis process. So that was naturally balanced between gases and climate. The natural balanced disturbed through anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, urbanization, mining, deforestation or depletion and so on. Consequently, the production of CO2, methane and other gases increased and consumption decreased and naturally balanced imbalanced. The forests exist in the three major areas of the world such as Amazon basin in Brazil, Congo basin in Africa and aqtrial forest in Indonesia and Malaysia. In short, glaciers start melting and sea level rising day by day. The temperature increases from pre-industrial level i.e. 1.5 degrees. In the world, the larger emitter of CO2 is China that emits around 30% CO2 because its energy requirement is larger due to its huge population. The second emitter is the USA that emits around fourteen percent. The important thing is that the climate change impact is worldwide not only on larger emitters but also those countries their emission is a little. For instance, Philippine its emission is 0.5% but that is affecting equally to the rest of the world. Due to extreme heatwaves and rising of sea level, there is a danger to the displacement of people in the world. The civil society organizations held meetings in the form of Kyto Protocoal in Japan, The Paris agreement in Paris and Conference of the Parties 25 in Spain in 2019. In these meetings indicators set not verifiable but advisory. The situation of climate change in Pakistan is alarming especially on the Indus River. The Pakistani government has been taken various initiatives to combat climate change, drafted policies and approved acts and laws so that reduced emission of greenhouse gases. The present research study investigates the qualitative analysis of climate change regarding indigenous and adaptive strategies of the fishing community on the Indus River to combat climate change. The study purpose is to investigate the connection between climate change and its impact on the fishing community. To carried out this research in an organized