RNA-Seq based transcriptomic profiling of wheat genotypes for unveiling of root architecture

Abstract

Wheat may be grown in a wide range of climates and environments because to the crop's adaptability. Wheat breeding aims to improve quality and quantity. When the genes governing the desired traits are identified, the appropriate traits can be obtained successfully by breeding. Most of our understanding regarding the molecular pathways driving root development is derived from the dicotyledon. The main goal of this research was to find out how expression of genes affects the structure of the root systems of wheat genotypes that are resistant to drought and those that are not. The three primary purposes of a plant's root system are to hold the plant in the soil, acquire nutrients and water and retain calories. Root transcriptome research by RNA-Seq was used to find genes with differential expression as well as changes in genomic variants. Drought-tolerant genotypes produced several genes with differential expression involved in defense, transcription, abiotic signaling cascade, cellulose formation, calcium transduction, and phagocytosis. Our study revealed the non-allelic SNPs in fifteen genes that can be used as molecular marker for selective breeding. Quantitative transcriptome-wide analysis of co-/post-transcriptional mechanisms including alternative splicing and RNA editing has been made possible by massive transcriptome sequencing using the RNA-seq method. In addition, we identified the Ribonucleic acid editing (RE) in the six genotypes of wheat. These regulatory elements are found on every chromosome. The RNA editing sites were dispersed at random throughout the wheat genotypes, and RESs were found to be one of ten to twelve different types. More RESs were found in genotypes that were resistant to drought. Additionally, six wheat genotypes were discovered to have A-to-I RNA editing sites. Genes for RIP/MORF (RNA editing factor interacting proteins/Multiple organellar RNA editing factor), PPR (pentatricopeptide repeat), OZ1 (organelle zinc-finger) are also analyzed for expression levels and different expression level of these genes can modify RNA editing events in drought tolerant and drought susceptible genotypes of wheat. Overall, our study provides DRSML QAU RNA-seq based transcriptomic profiling of wheat genotypes for unveiling of root architecture 16 a good insight into the gene expression profiling and RESs in drought tolerant and drought susceptible genotype of wheat. The above work establishes the basis for future investigations into the posttranscriptional dynamics of gene regulation in various wheat genotypes. Different enzymes involved in the different pathways related to abiotic stresses. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, is critical for root growth, maturity, and adaptability. We investigated the wheat phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and reported discovery of TaPAL genes as well as analyses of their duplication, transcriptional expression, and phylogeny in the genome of wheat. Both sensitive and drought-tolerant genotypes should benefit from the supplied information, as they likely contain genes important in root architecture