Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride induced nephrotoxicity in rats by Indigofera Cordifolia

Abstract

Plants have been used to treat a variety of illnesses since ancient times because of their therapeutic and medicinal capabilities. Secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and others, are thought to be the cause of their pharmacological potential. Both qualitative and quantitative investigation of the methanolic extract of Indigofera cordifolia was performed in-vitro and in-vivo. The presence of important phytochemicals such as flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, quinones, glycosides, and many others was observed through qualitative analysis of the samples. These findings were then supported by in-vitro antioxidant assays, which showed the ICM to be an effective root of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. For in-vivo investigation, rats with CCl4 induced toxicity get an oral dose of methanolic extract. The impact of the dose on rat models was then investigated at three different levels, depending on the dose administered: biochemically, histologically, and molecularly. In tissue homogenate, the amount of antioxidant enzymes, protein content, and oxidative species were evaluated. Serum biomarkers for renal functionality were also assessed. To examine morphological changes, the tissue sections of the kidney were examined under a light microscope. The expression of selected genes (XBPu, XBPt, XBPs, IL-6, Bcl2, TNF-a, TGF-ꞵ , Chop, Casp-3, B-actin) crucial in preserving the physiological and structural integrity of nephrons was then investigated. By enhancing renal functionality, as seen by upsurge in albumin levels and a decline in urea and creatinine levels in serum, ICM demonstrates its nephroprotective action, and it’s also efficient in restoring the biological system's antioxidative status by balancing the levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD, and GSH reductase) respectively, protein content, and oxidative species (TBARs, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide). Additionally, it reversed the levels of expression of afore mentioned genes that had been changed by CCL4- induced toxicity and oxidative stress. Following study, it was shown that ICM is one of the sources of antioxidants and has nephroprotective qualities against both acute and chronic kidney disorders. Keywords: CCl4, Nephrotoxicity, Indigofera Cordifolia, Methanolic extract, Nephroprotection