Assessment of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Ethanol Extract and Green Synthesized Nanoparticles of Jasminum humile

Abstract

Plants have been our silent companions throughout history, offering their healing embrace to humanity's ailments. Modern science is rediscovering plant-based remedies and validating their efficacy through scientific research. Pursuing this avenue, this study delves into the potential of Jasminum humile, exploring its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. In this study, Jasminum humile ethanol extract was tested to both in vitro assessments for antioxidants and α-amylase inhibition, followed by an in vivo exploration. In the latter, the ethanol extract was orally administered to diabetic rats induced by two distinct diabetogenic agents, namely alloxan and streptozotocin. Subsequent analyses encompassed serum markers, biochemical profiles, and histological examinations. Additionally, we scrutinized the expression of hepatic glucose transporter (SLC2A2), genes related to fibrosis (TGF-β, SMAD-3, COL1A1), and diabetes-associated dyslipidemia (AMPK, ACC, FASN) within liver tissues, utilizing RT-qPCR analysis. The outcomes of this study unveiled the therapeutic attributes of the J. humile ethanol extract (JHE), as evidenced by its rich phytochemical composition. It displayed strong antioxidant activity, enhancing the body's defence mechanisms, and also inhibited α-amylase, suggesting hypoglycemic effects. JHE improved liver morphology and functionality, raising albumin while reducing ALT, AST, ALP, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Antioxidant enzymes and protein levels normalized, and oxidative stress decreased, shown by lowered TBARs, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide. JHE exhibited the capacity to counteract the alterations in gene expression induced by the diabetogenic agents, as well as the oxidative stress associated with hyperglycemia. JHE demonstrated superior efficacy in the alloxan-induced diabetes model, attributed to its the ROS generation-based mechanism and the exceptional antioxidant potential of JHE. These findings collectively underscore the promising potential of Jasminum humile ethanol extract as a therapeutic agent against hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and diabetes. Keywords: Jasminum humile, liver, antidiabetic activity, antioxidants, alloxan, streptozotocin