Jasminum humile Attenuates Hyperglycemia, Fibrosis and Dyslipidemia in Streptozotocin and Alloxan Treated Rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multi-factorial disease associated with metabolic dysfunction, insulin impairments and increased oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia, the most prominent hallmark of DM, gives rise to other diabetic complications such as dyslipidemia and fibrosis. Despite advances in management of DM, the results are still far from perfect. However, there is a substantial degree of optimism regarding the potential efficacy of phytomedicine in this context. Jasminum humile possesses remarkable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties; however, the effects of this plant in maintaining diabetes are not well-documented. In accordance with this, the plant was examined for its therapeutic effects against streptozotocin-induced and alloxan-induced diabetes, with focus on selected aspects of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and fibrosis. The butanol fraction of J. humile was subjected to in vitro testing to comprehend its phytochemistry, antioxidant and antidiabetic aptitude. For in vivo study, JHB was administered orally to diabetic rats, followed by several biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. Glycemic levels, serum markers, antioxidant enzymes, radical species and liver histological specimens were examined under varying circumstances. A series of versatile regulators were selected to analyze pathways involved in hyperglycemia, fibrosis and dyslipidemia. In vitro study revealed the presence of polyphenols along with significant radical scavenging and α amylase inhibitory activity of JHB. In vivo investigations unveiled a distinctive trend: JHB exhibited superior outcomes against alloxan diabetes compared to STZ diabetes. The rationale ought to be reduction of oxidative stress, created by cytotoxic action of alloxan, owing to plant’s polyphenolic content. JHB alleviated alloxan-induced toxicity by re instating euglycemia, normal serum profile and oxidant/antioxidant balance. RT-PCR analysis exhibited restoration of mRNA expression of genes linked to glucose metabolism, lipid synthesis, and fibrosis. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study prove multi-faceted therapeutic effects of J. humile against diabetes and its complications. Key words: Alloxan, diabetes, dyslipidemia, fibrosis, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress.