Toxicity risk assessment of Pyriproxyfen on testicular tissue of adult Sprague Dawley rats.

Abstract

Pyriproxyfen, (2-(1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy) ethoxy), is an aromatic, non terpenoid, pyridine-based juvenile hormone that disrupts the equilibrium of hormones in the insects, strongly suppresses the embryogenesis of insects. It has been used on many crops for control of pests in many countries. The current study was intended to estimate the toxicity risk assessment of pyriproxyfen on testicular tissue of adult Sprague Dawley rats. To perform the current study, twenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were separated into four groups: Control group was treated with 0.9% normal saline. Group 1 were given 62mg/kg of pyriproxyfen. Group 2 were provided with 124mg/kg of pyriproxyfen, and Group 3 were administrated with 186mg/kg of pyriproxyfen for 28 consecutive days. On the next day, all the animals were weighed and decapitated. Blood sample was drawn, that was followed by plasma extraction and kept at -20ºC for the analysis of biochemical parameters. For the analysis of histopathological changes, the right and left testis were fixed in 10% formalin. The results indicated that, pyriproxyfen administration indued decrease in the BMI and body weight at day 1, 14 and 28th at high and low doses, while showed non-remarkable decrease(p<0.001) in the weight of testis and accessory reproductive organs(p<0.05) only at high dose. PPF showed increase in the weight of body organs as kidneys, liver, pancreas, brain, and heart and the blood glucose level showed highly remarkable decrease(p<0.001) both at high and low doses. The antioxidant results showed highly notable increase(p<0.001) in the level of SOD, ROS, and CAT at high and low doses of pyriproxyfen while POD showed non-remarkable increase(p=0.206). histopathological changes in the testis of rats by the PPF are seen by decline in the number of sperms, increased immature spermatozoa and degenerative changes in tunica albuginea. The study concluded that pyriproxyfen decreases body weight, BMI, testis and accessory reproductive organ weights and blood glucose level, increases the weight of body organs such as heart, liver, pancreas, kidneys, and brain, increases level of SOD, POD, CAT and ROS, increases oxidative stress, and brings histopathological abnormalities in the testis at high dose while at low doses no significant changes were observed. Because of this finding, it is suggested that the usage of pyriproxyfen should be done with the proper cautions. These findings can be extended fairly to the human model as well, and this toxin can further be used to examine its impact on the reproductive system