Association of diet with depression among type-2 diabetic patients visiting tertiary care hospitals in Rawalpindi city

Abstract

Background: Type-2 diabetes is a public health risk that can be negatively affected by both common depression and a poor nutrition. Type-2 diabetes has become more prevalent in Pakistan, although there is insufficient research to link food, depression, and type-2 diabetes. Objectives: The study aimed to find the frequency of individuals suffering from depression, the dietary patterns of type 2 diabetic patients, and the link between diet and depression in patients with type-2 diabetes visiting to tertiary care hospitals in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional research was conducted among 264 patients with type-2 diabetes (>20 aged) who attended OPDs of tertiary care hospitals in Rawalpindi. Participants were chosen by consecutive sampling. The frequency of depression was determined using Beck's Depression Inventory scale. Semi-quantitative FFQ was used to examine the participant's dietary patterns while the participant's demographic and socioeconomic information were also recorded. The questionnaire was also transcribed into Urdu for the respondent’s convenience. In order to investigate the link between dependent variables and socio-demographic factors, the chi-square test of correlation has been used. Results: The majority of the 264 respondents were females (n=186, 70%), and were aged between years of 31- 40 (n=93, 35.2%). The majority of type-2 diabetic patients reported depression (n=149, 56%). Gender, BMI, employment status, educational level, smoking status, and comorbidities v were all significantly linked to depression (p<0.05). Most of the participants had unhealthy diet (n=138, 53%). Diet and respondent’s monthly income were significantly associated (p=0.007). This study found no statistically significant relationship between diet and depression in type-2 diabetes individuals (p value=0.473). Conclusion: This study found that the most of type-2 diabetes patients experienced depression and unhealthy diet patterns were more prevalent among the study population than were healthy diet patterns. There were no statistically significantly association found between diet and depression among patients with type 2 diabetes in this study. Keywords: Association, Type-2 diabetes, BDI, depression, Healthy diet, Unhealthy diet, FFQ, Tertiary hospitals, Rawalpindi.