CYBER SECURITY DILEMMA IN SOUTH ASIA: INDIA AND PAKISTAN

Abstract

Cybersecurity has become a critical concern for states with the increasing importance of software and hardware in various sectors. The interconnection of physical devices and the emergence of the Internet of Things has created persistent and unaddressed security vulnerabilities, leaving many critical systems vulnerable to malicious attacks. National security is the primary concern for nation-states. States intend to protect their national territory, integrity, and interests through various means. In the anarchic international system, states attempt to secure themselves from threats. To achieve this end, they try to improve their security. The increase in security of state ‘A’ is perceived by state ‘B’ as its insecurity. This process is very prominent in rival countries, as in the case of India and Pakistan. Both countries have been to conventional wars, various military stands, and minor skirmishes. In addition to this traditional arena, the cyber field can be a new battleground between the neighboring states. In South Asia, the potential for a cybersecurity dilemma is particularly prominent. India is investing heavily in cyber capabilities, while Pakistan is the most vulnerable to cyber threats. As both countries continue to build their cyber defenses, there is a risk of a cyber arms race in the region. This thesis explores the potential cybersecurity dilemma in South Asia and its implications for regional stability.