Radicalization in Afghan Refugees’ Camps in the Post 9/11 Era: A Case Study of Pakistan

Abstract

This thesis delves into the phenomenon of radicalization within Afghan refugee camps in Pakistan in the post September 11 period, examining the complex interplay between migration, security, and socio-political dynamics. Through a comprehensive analysis, it navigates the historical waves of Afghan migration to Pakistan, tracing the roots of the refugee crisis from the Soviet invasion to the present day. The study sheds light on Pakistan's pivotal role in hosting Afghan refugees, despite not being a signatory to international refugee conventions, and explores the challenges faced by refugees, including limited access to education, employment barriers, and social integration issues. Utilizing the theoretical frameworks of securitization theory of the Copenhagen and Paris Schools, this research scrutinizes the securitization, of Afghan refugees, in Pakistan, highlighting the framing of refugees as security threats and the adoption of extraordinary political measures by governmental bodies. Furthermore, it evaluates the securitization practices employed by Pakistan and underscores the importance of humanitarian considerations in addressing the refugee crisis. The research emphasizes the need for comprehensive policy interventions, social inclusion initiatives, and international cooperation to ensure the protection and well-being of Afghan refugees and mitigate the risk of radicalization within refugee communities. The study follows qualitative approach, with analyzing both primary and secondary data.