Study of Temperature-Dependent Angular Goos-Hanchen Effect on the Surface of Graphene-Vanadium Dioxide

Abstract

The objective of the work is to investigate the behavior of the angular Goos–Hanchen (GH) effect for a planar graphene-vanadium dioxide geom etry, taking into account the temperature and wavelength dependency. A monochromatic Gaussian beam of light is used as a source of excitation. Experimental results from a published work have been used to incorporate the temperature dependency of vanadium dioxide. In addition, wavelength dependent experimental results of permittivity at a particular value of tem perature for vanadium dioxide are used. Mathematical expressions for the angular GH effect are derived. The behavior of angular and modified an gular GH effects and their difference are studied in detail. The modified GH effect is obtained by passing reflected waves through a polarizer. It is established that vanadium dioxide has special characteristics depending on temperature; it behaves as a metal at high temperatures and dielectric at low temperatures. Additionally, it possesses a hysteresis state describing a metal-dielectric transformation by heating or cooling the substrate, which provides an excellent opportunity to adjust and control the angular GH effect according to application requirements.