ASSESSMENT OF UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF WATER CONCERNING THE CURRENT WATER CRISIS IN RAWALPINDI: CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT RAWALPINDI

Abstract

Water scarcity issues are increasing at an exponential rate in Pakistan. One of the most affected districts is Rawalpindi due to a lack of underground water and canal systems. Therefore, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the complex problem of unequal water distribution in Rawalpindi. Utilizing a comprehensive interview methodology, the research meticulously formulated a series of inquiries to effectively involve the participants. The data collection process encompassed various regions of Rawalpindi, where the perspectives of respondents were diligently recorded using mobile phone recorders and later transcribed for thorough analysis. The study revealed a multitude of factors that played a role in shaping the uneven distribution of water in Rawalpindi. Geographical disparities emerged as a notable factor, resulting in unequal access to water in certain regions. Furthermore, the municipality faced the challenge of an antiquated and ineffective water distribution system plagued by the presence of leaky pipes and insufficient maintenance, resulting in significant water wastage. The impact of continuous developmental efforts was evident, exacerbating inequalities in the allocation of water resources. These initiatives tended to prioritize specific sectors in terms of resource allocation and infrastructural improvements, resulting in unintentional constraints on the development of upgraded water supply systems in other regions. The pervasive issue of energy shortages exacerbated this unequal distribution, leading to disruptions in water pumping and treatment operations. As a result, the reliability of the water supply was compromised, further intensifying scarcities in particular areas. To comprehensively tackle the issue of unequal water distribution in Rawalpindi, the research emphasized the necessity of implementing strategic interventions. The key findings and recommendations encompassed strategies to improve water infrastructure, reduce losses through system upgrades, and establish fair water allocation policies.