The Socio-Economic Transition and Re-integration of Return Migrants

Abstract

The study is based on the changes that the migrants have gone through at the hands of the international migration. This would include the socio-economic characteristics of the migrants and their respective household members who have encountered the change. Such characteristics would include the changes in the occupation, education, cultural, economic and political aspects of the people that have come under the influence of the migration. Such factors are very much important in the lives of the people as they can make the reentry of the rehlrnees both exciting as well as challenging. Most of the sojourners claim that their cultural transition was something that played a due role in the settlement back home. Plus, the helping hand on the part of family, fliends, colleagues and also the neighborhood communities had played a due role in the adjustment back home. After the phase of the experience and the struggles faced abroad, the home is not the one that the returnees had expected it to be. The self-construal are very important in getting to know the major attributes of the migrants which includes their abilities, preferences, values, traits, norms and traditions. There has been a difference in the lives of the migrants as his phase of migration had led him to focus on the changes before and after and it has been a hard time to pick up the position or part where they left off. The focal point of the study explores that there are so many individuals who do not necessarily come under the influence of the same problems that every sojourner or rehlrnee migrant has to face. There is a difference but more or less, there is always a friction with other people's opinions and values with that of the migrants present in the home societies. Their families and friends have changed in their absence. Such experience does seem to disagree with the presumptions of the sojourners. There has been a very few or small scale studies conducted on the rehlrnees and their settlement back home in Pakistan. Their level of adjustment poses a great responsibility on the part of the government instihltions to take the right steps to tackle the masses that are returning to their homeland. Such aspects are very important as they can be a great and fruitful resource if utilized efficiently by the respective authorities. The paramount objectives of this Shldy were the educational transition of the migrants and its impacts on their household. There has been not only a change in the academics of the returnees but it also focuses on the awareness one has about the way of interaction with iii people of not only the local Pakistanis, but also of other nationalities. Their closeness to religion was a key to escape the gaps or problems that they encounter due to their migratory experience. The distance from one's home is observed to be one of the major factors of developing a close relationship with one's religion. Alongside the religion, there is a strong emphasis on the subjective or qualitative changes that the migrants are facing in the now, compared to the time prior to their migration. Their tastes, values and opinions have changed a lot and have impacted their spouse's decisions and their loved ones as well. Their interaction with their other peers in their locale plus their attitudes towards their elders or juniors have also, somehow been a subject to change. Lastly, there is a focus on how and what is the rate of readjustment of the returnees back at Bewal. The gap that the sojourners had before or after their migration is also examined to a great extent. Plus, there has been a strong emphasis on how one reacts to the local people before and after their migration and how they tackle the dysphoria they face after return. The total population of Gujar Khan was about 678,503. From this lot, there were 32 people chosen as a sample for this respective study. This sample was based on the theoretical sampling methodology and this investigation is centered principally upon the return migration around the general population of Bewal, Gujar Khan. The accenhlation of the investigation was to discover the fundamental privileges of the two peoples that are being impeded by the transients going to foreign countries and the other way around. The females of the town and their (returnee) migrant husbands who abhor parallel status as that of men worried with the principal relocation lights e.g. ideal to instruction, appropriate to settle on a decision, ideal to legacy, ideal to investment in family unit undeliakings and proposition to be engaged in adjustment issues and so forth. The goals of the exploration are incorporates discovering the fundamental driver of movement, breaking down the impacts of relocation and the conduct of the moved individuals. The major exploration depends on the qualitative research strategy and its instruments and procedures were received to meet the destinations of the study which includes in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and data collection, socio-economic census and field notes. By keeping the methodologies in mind, the reverse culture shock theory was taken in order to take this Shldy further and analyze the stages that the migrant goes through in order to settle peacefully back home. The purpose of applying the theory makes it easy to reach the level of adjustment of the returnees. How one corresponds to the euphOlia, that is, the migrant listens to the stories of the locals instead of telling his side of the coin. iv At the end, the reverse culture shock theory is said to be patiially accepted by the researcher in his respective framework of the research because there were also some people who responded positively while some people did not respond through positive vibes. Most of the respondents expressed dissatisfaction in the initial periods upon return. But afterwards, there was a decrease in their problems and they started to act as independent members of their society and also among their camaraderie.