INFLUENCE OF DIETARY AMINO ACID ON GUT HEALTH AND GENE EXPRESSION

Abstract

The influence of dietary amino acids on gene expression and gut health is an emerging area of research with extreme associations with human physiology. Previously thought of as only protein building blocks, amino acids are now understood to be potent gene expression regulators and essential components of the structure and function of the gut microbiome. Amino acids orchestrate intricate signaling pathways that modulate gene expression, impacting protein synthesis and cellular responses. Deficiencies or imbalances of specific amino acids can activate pathways such as the general control non derepressible protein 2 (GCN2), leading to altered translation mechanisms and cellular adaptations. Additionally, amino acids like arginine, glutamine, and leucine have been implicated in mTOR signaling, influencing protein turnover and cellular processes. The gut microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, is sensitive to dietary amino acids. High protein diets can shape the abundance and diversity of gut bacteria, subsequently influencing host health. These microorganisms play pivotal roles in metabolic homeostasis, immune system modulation, and even neurological functions. This comprehensive thesis explores the intricate interplay between dietary amino acids, gene expression, and gut health. It delves into the molecular mechanisms through which amino acids influence gene expression pathways, shedding light on their regulatory roles. Furthermore, the review examines how dietary amino acids impact the gut microbiome, affecting microbial community dynamics and the host microbiota relationship. Understanding the multifaceted effects of dietary amino acids on gene expression and gut health holds great promise for personalized nutrition and therapeutic interventions. By deciphering these intricate interactions, we can pave the way for innovative strategies to optimize gene expression patterns and enhance gut microbiome-mediated health outcomes.