The potential of under-utilized tetraploid '(2 =4X=28) wheat genotypic diversity in recombination breeding

Abstract

Wheat is an important staple food , providing 20% total calories to world population. World population is expected to increase to an alarming 9.6 billion in next 40 years. There is a need to increase the production of wheat in order to fulfil the demand of increasing population. There has not been a significant increase in grain yield, since Green revolution. Focus of all breeding programs has shifted to increasing both quality and the quantity of wheat. Domestication, continuous selections, green revolution and disease outbreaks have narrowed the gene pool increasing the need to explore the genetic diversity of different wild relatives of wheat. The under-utilized tetraploid wheat (2N=4x=28) genotypic di versity is one of such diverse source. In this study, the potential of under-utilised tetraploids (Triticum carthilicum, Triticum dicoccum ,Triticum polonicum) genetic diversity was explored to identify significant lines for the future breeding program. The data of different morphological parameters like LA, CHL, DE, DM, SL, SPS, GIS TKW, and presence or absence of awns are collected from these germplasms. Then this data was subjected to different statistical analysis. And descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation matrix and PCA of the data is obtained. Two components Fl and F2 contribute to 35.33% and 28.23% of the total variation respectively. And the total variation shown by these components is 63.55%. TKW as making obtuse angle with DE , DM, SPS, SLA, G/W so it has positive correlation with these factors and they will affect the yield as indicated by the small obtuse angles between their vectors (r=cosO=+ 1). So its value will directly affect yield. These analyses applied in the germplasms and ultimately it is utilised for the specific breeding purpose.