A Pbysiologically based Approach to Access the Hazardous Effects of Carcinogen Food Contaminant Furan as an Endocrine Disruptor on Reproduction

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been great concern about the adverse effects of different environmental toxicants on human health and reproduction. Environmental factors such as exposure to enviromnental toxicants are one of the major causes of reproductive dysfunctions in humans. Various environmental chemicals/toxicants have been classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) because of their ability to alter animal pathophysiology. It is stated as, any substance or mixture that exogenously enters in the body and make alterations in the functions of endocrine systems and also caused adverse health problems in a whole organism or its offspring or the whole population is called EDCs (WHO/IPCS, 2002). More than 800 chemicals are known as EDC due to their endocrine disruption nature (EHP, 2013). EDCs are constituted a long list of chemicals including dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and insecticide, pesticides, herbicides, alkylphenols, fungicides, phthalates, phytoestrogens, bisphenol A, polybrominated biphenyls, pharmaceutical drugs, food-based acrylamide, furan, heavy metals like lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury (Crisp et al., 1998; SharaI'a et al., 1998; Hodges et al., 2000; Dickerson and Gore, 2007; Robin and CIanci, 2007; De Coster and Van Larebeke, 2012; Gnessi, 2013; Pandir, 2015; Lelunann et al., 2018; FDA, 2004). The mechanism of action of EDCs is depending on their binding . capability with endocrine nuclear receptors (NRs) (De Coster and Van Larebeke, 2012; Gore et al., 2015).