Green Synthesis of Zinc and Silver N anoparticles and Production of Secondary Metabolites from Callus Culture of Iso don Rugosus

Abstract

The base of herbal medicines extends to all the cultures of the world, from the Greeks to the Romans and the Arabs to China and, [mally, to Central Asia, especially to Pakistan. The medical use of plants as treatment is an ancient tradition. There are many species of Lamiaceae that have a high demand for their ethnic and health activities but many of these members have an anti-inflmmllatory activity and releasing potential pain. Isodon is also a lmown genus of this family. 1. rugosus belongs to the same family genus and is traditionally used by Pakistani practitioners to treat diseases associated with respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal complications. Therefore, it must be overcome with the traditional treatment regimen. In this sense, phyto-nanotechnology and production of metabolites by in vitro optimal conditions have gained much attention in recent years. In this research, different methods were used to improve the production of secondmy metabolites. For this reason, elicitation is considered as one of the most effective strategies for growing calli which helps reduce these limitations. Based on our knowledge and survey of literature, this is the first report on the analysis of 1. rugosus for the biological improvement of the target 'etabo lite through in vitro techniques. The main objective of the first experiment was to optimize the in vitro cultural conditions for establishment and production of chemically consistent and reliable calli cultures of 1. rugosus. The stem and leaf explants were the best source to understand the in vitro condition under different plant growth regulators (PGRs) to produce antioxidant and anti-aging compounds. Both TDZ and NAA in each concentration, tested with or without cytokinins, were responsible for the successful induction of stem friable callus cultUre. We chose the stem explant as the best source to start the callus culture on MS media. HPLC-DAD analysis of the crude extract revealed the presence of five biologically active phenolic compounds SLlch as plectranthoic acid (373 .92 ~Lg/g DW), oleanolic acid (287.58 ~Lg/g OW), betulinic acid (90.51 ~Lg/g DW), and rosmaTinic acid (1732.61 ~Lg/g DW). Antioxidant activities were performed in vitro using six different tests: DPPH (TEAC) , ABTS (TEAC), ORAC (TEAC) , FRAP (AEAC) , CUPRAC (AEAC) , Chelation (~mol Fe2 +). Elastase, collagenase, hyaluronidase, tyrosinase, AGE and SIRT-l revealed that rosmarinic acid is an imp Oliant contributor. Whereas, plectranthoic acid, oleanolic acid and betunilic acid is associated with the inhibitor of elastase, collagenase and tyrosinase.