MHD Steady Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point Flow of a Nanofluid Past a Circular Cylinder

Abstract

Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) is involved with the mutual interaction of magnetic field and fluid flow. There are significant applications of MHD ranges from astro physics to modern technologies. MHD is typically used in industry to heat, pump, stir and levitate liquid metals. In the earth core, the fluid motion maintains the ter restrial magnetic field, the sunspots, and solar flares are generated by solar magnetic field and the galactic magnetic field which has the connections with star formation from the interstellar clouds. The static magnetic field is applied for the laminariza tion of contactless damping turbulent flow in the formation of semiconductor crystals or the continuous casting of steel. MHD flow concerns the behavior of particles in turbulent MHD flows which has been discussed by Rouson et al. [1]. In many natural phenomena, MHD effects occur such as, in the generation of a magnetic field of stars and planets. The interaction of earth magnetic field with the solar wind, generate northern lights, in which the magnetic field deflect the harmful cosmic rays. Hartlep and Mansour [2] discussed the utilization of MHD waves into a code for the replica tion of solar interior. Ripoll and Colestock [3] worked out on the development of a code for the modeling of lightning strikes. Nanofluids are the colloidal suspensions of nanomaterials which is prepared by dis persing nanometer-sized materials, i.e. nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires and nanorods along with the base fluids. Water, oil, and ethylene glycol are Com monly used base fluids. Choi et al. [4] introduce the concept of nanofluids in order to generate fluids that have higher conductivities and rate of heat transfer. Nanoflu ids have fictional characteristics which make them potentially useful, due to its wide range of applications nanofluids got more attention. It is used as a cooling agent in electronic equipment, vehicles, heavy-duty engine and in industries to enhance the efficiency, saving energy and reduce emissions. Nanofluids have also some biomedical applications, it is used as an antibacterial and in drug delivery. Some admissible