Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activities of newly synthesized (4-benzylpiperidine-1-carbodithioato-κ2S,Sʹ)(1,4-bis- (diphenylphosphino)butane) palladium (II) chloride monohydrate (BCDP) in in vivo pharmacological models

Abstract

Inflammation is being a protective mechanism of the body towards the injury that generally aims to keep survival of the host. However, chronic and progressive inflammation may lead to some chronic diseases. Several anti-inflammatory drugs are available associated with some serious unwanted effects. Due to these serious problems new and safe antiinflammatory agents are still required. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesics and anti-pyretic potentials of newly synthesized compound (4-benzylpiperidine-1-carbodithioato-κ2S,Sʹ)(1,4-bis- (diphenylphosphino)butane) palladium(II) chloride monohydrate (BCDP) in animal models. Characterization of new compound was done by elemental analysis, IR and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) spectroscopy. Initially, BCDP has screened for antiinflammatory and analgesic activities by performing carrageenan-induced paw edema, mechanical hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg, b.w). Thermal hyperalgesia was evaluated by hot plate model in mice. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of BCD was then confirmed in histamine and serotonin-induced inflammatory models. In order to investigate the BCDP effect on chronic inflammation and pain, complete freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced mice model was carried out. The results obtained demonstrated that BCDP significantly inhibited inflammation and pain in all the models at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Similarly, the BCDP effect was further investigated in yeastinduced pyrexia. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of BCDP were further confirmed by evaluating pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide and anti-oxidant enzymes in CFA-induced paw tissue. The data clearly demonstrated the significant reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines level while enhancing anti-oxidant enzymes. Soft tissue examination of inflamed paw was done through X-ray imaging and H&E staining. Side effect profile of drug was gathered by monitoring kidney and liver functions and through examination of gastric mucosa tissues. Kodzeila’s screen test and weight test was performed to see negative effect on motor activity. Pretreatment with BCDP did not produce any prominent side effect on kidney, liver, stomach and muscles. These finding suggest that BCDP having potent anti-inflammatory, pain and pyrexia relieving properties.